btree: store strings via "data" struct

btree/btree.go

@@ -2,21 +2,26 @@ package btree
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 )
 
+type data struct {
+	key   string
+	value string
+}
+
 // Tree is the tree itself
 type Tree struct {
-	root *Node // Pointer to the Node root
+	root *node // Pointer to the node root
 	t    int   // Minimum degree
 }
 
-// Node is a Node of a Btree
-type Node struct {
+type node struct {
 	numberOfKeys int // The number of keys really stored
 	degree       int // The value of degree dependes upon disk blok size
 	isLeaf       bool
-	keys         []int
-	children     []*Node
+	keys         []*data
+	children     []*node
 }
 
 // Constructors
@@ -30,17 +35,31 @@ func NewBtree(t int) *Tree {
 	}
 }
 
-func newNode(degree int, isLeaf bool) *Node {
+func newNode(degree int, isLeaf bool) *node {
 
-	return &Node{
+	return &node{
 		numberOfKeys: 0,
 		degree:       degree,
 		isLeaf:       isLeaf,
-		keys:         make([]int, 2*degree-1),
-		children:     make([]*Node, 2*degree),
+		keys:         make([]*data, 2*degree-1),
+		children:     make([]*node, 2*degree),
 	}
 }
 
+// Data methods
+
+func (a *data) eq(b *data) bool {
+	return strings.Compare(a.key, b.key) == 0
+}
+
+func (a *data) lt(b *data) bool {
+	return strings.Compare(a.key, b.key) == -1
+}
+
+func (a *data) gt(b *data) bool {
+	return strings.Compare(a.key, b.key) == 1
+}
+
 // Tree methods
 
 // Traverse the tree
@@ -52,20 +71,22 @@ func (t *Tree) Traverse() {
 }
 
 // Search k in the tree
-func (t *Tree) Search(k int) *Node {
+func (t *Tree) Search(k string) (string, error) {
 
 	if t.root == nil {
-		return nil
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("The key %s does not exist", k)
 	}
 
-	return t.root.search(k)
+	return t.root.search(&data{key: k})
 }
 
 // Remove k in the tree
-func (t *Tree) Remove(k int) error {
+func (t *Tree) Remove(key string) error {
+
 	if t.root == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("The tree is empty")
 	}
+	k := &data{key: key}
 
 	err := t.root.remove(k)
 
@@ -83,7 +104,13 @@ func (t *Tree) Remove(k int) error {
 }
 
 // Insert k in the tree
-func (t *Tree) Insert(k int) {
+func (t *Tree) Insert(key, value string) {
+
+	k := &data{
+		key:   key,
+		value: value,
+	}
+
 	// If the tree is empty
 	if t.root == nil {
 		t.root = newNode(t.t, true)
@@ -111,7 +138,7 @@ func (t *Tree) Insert(k int) {
 	// The new root has two children now.
 	// We decide which of the two children is going to have the new key
 	i := 0
-	if s.keys[0] < k {
+	if s.keys[0].lt(k) {
 		i++
 	}
 	s.children[i].insertNonFull(k)
@@ -120,10 +147,10 @@ func (t *Tree) Insert(k int) {
 	t.root = s
 }
 
-// Node methods
+// node methods
 
 // traverse all nodes in a subtree rooted with this node
-func (n *Node) traverse() {
+func (n *node) traverse() {
 
 	// There are n entries and n+1 children, treverse trough n keys and n first children
 	for i := 0; i < n.numberOfKeys; i++ {
@@ -131,7 +158,7 @@ func (n *Node) traverse() {
 		if !n.isLeaf {
 			n.children[i].traverse()
 		}
-		fmt.Printf(" %d", n.keys[i])
+		fmt.Printf(" %s:%s", n.keys[i].key, n.keys[i].value)
 	}
 
 	// Print the subtree rooted with the last child
@@ -141,33 +168,33 @@ func (n *Node) traverse() {
 }
 
 // search k in the subtree rooted with this node
-func (n *Node) search(k int) *Node {
+func (n *node) search(k *data) (string, error) {
 
 	// Find the first entry greater than or equal to k
 	i := 0
-	for i < n.numberOfKeys && k > n.keys[i] {
+	for i < n.numberOfKeys && k.gt(n.keys[i]) {
 		i++
 	}
 
-	// If theh found key is equal to  k, return this node
-	if n.keys[i] == k {
-		return n
+	// If the found key is equal to k, return this node
+	if n.keys[i] != nil && k.eq(n.keys[i]) {
+		return n.keys[i].value, nil
 	}
 
 	// If the key is not found here and this is a leaf node
 	if n.isLeaf {
-		return nil
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("The key %s does not exist", k.key)
 	}
 
 	// Go to the approipriate child
 	return n.children[i].search(k)
 }
 
-func (n *Node) isFull() bool {
+func (n *node) isFull() bool {
 	return n.numberOfKeys == 2*n.degree-1
 }
 
-func (n *Node) insertNonFull(k int) {
+func (n *node) insertNonFull(k *data) {
 
 	// Initialize the index as the index of the rightmost element
 	i := n.numberOfKeys - 1
@@ -176,7 +203,7 @@ func (n *Node) insertNonFull(k int) {
 	if n.isLeaf {
 		// Finds the location of the new key to be inserted
 		// Moves all greater keys to one place ahead
-		for i >= 0 && n.keys[i] > k {
+		for i >= 0 && n.keys[i].gt(k) {
 			n.keys[i+1] = n.keys[i]
 			i--
 		}
@@ -189,7 +216,7 @@ func (n *Node) insertNonFull(k int) {
 
 	// If this is not a leaf
 	// Finds the child wich is going to have the new key
-	for i >= 0 && n.keys[i] > k {
+	for i >= 0 && n.keys[i].gt(k) {
 		i--
 	}
 
@@ -201,7 +228,7 @@ func (n *Node) insertNonFull(k int) {
 		// After the split, the middle key of children[i] goes up and
 		// children[i] is splitted into two
 		// See which of those two is going to have the new key
-		if n.keys[i+1] < k {
+		if n.keys[i+1].lt(k) {
 			i++
 		}
 	}
@@ -209,7 +236,7 @@ func (n *Node) insertNonFull(k int) {
 	n.children[i+1].insertNonFull(k)
 }
 
-func (n *Node) splitChild(i int, y *Node) {
+func (n *node) splitChild(i int, y *node) {
 
 	// Create a new node that will store (t-1) keys of y
 	z := newNode(y.degree, y.isLeaf)
@@ -253,22 +280,22 @@ func (n *Node) splitChild(i int, y *Node) {
 }
 
 // findKey returns the index of the first key that is greater than or equal to k
-func (n *Node) findKey(k int) int {
+func (n *node) findKey(k *data) int {
 
 	index := 0
-	for index < n.numberOfKeys && n.keys[index] < k {
+	for index < n.numberOfKeys && n.keys[index].lt(k) {
 		index++
 	}
 	return index
 }
 
 // remove the key k from the sub-tree rooted with this node
-func (n *Node) remove(k int) error {
+func (n *node) remove(k *data) error {
 
 	index := n.findKey(k)
 
 	// The key to be removed is in this node
-	if index < n.numberOfKeys && n.keys[index] == k {
+	if index < n.numberOfKeys && n.keys[index].eq(k) {
 		if n.isLeaf {
 			return n.removeFromLeaf(index)
 		}
@@ -277,7 +304,7 @@ func (n *Node) remove(k int) error {
 
 	// If this is a leaf, the key is not in the tree
 	if n.isLeaf {
-		return fmt.Errorf("The key %d does not exist in the tree", k)
+		return fmt.Errorf("The key %s does not exist in the tree", k)
 	}
 
 	isInLastChild := false
@@ -301,7 +328,7 @@ func (n *Node) remove(k int) error {
 }
 
 // removeFromLeaf the index-th key from this node which is a leaf node
-func (n *Node) removeFromLeaf(index int) error {
+func (n *node) removeFromLeaf(index int) error {
 
 	// Move all the keys after the index-th position one place backward
 	for i := index + 1; i < n.numberOfKeys; i++ {
@@ -313,7 +340,7 @@ func (n *Node) removeFromLeaf(index int) error {
 }
 
 // removeFromNonLeaf the index-th key from this node which is not a leaf node
-func (n *Node) removeFromNonLeaf(index int) error {
+func (n *node) removeFromNonLeaf(index int) error {
 
 	k := n.keys[index]
 
@@ -342,7 +369,7 @@ func (n *Node) removeFromNonLeaf(index int) error {
 }
 
 // getPred returns the predecessor of keys[index]
-func (n *Node) getPred(index int) int {
+func (n *node) getPred(index int) *data {
 
 	// Keep moving to the rightmost node until we reach a leaf
 	current := n.children[index]
@@ -355,7 +382,7 @@ func (n *Node) getPred(index int) int {
 }
 
 // getSucc returns the successor of keys[index]
-func (n *Node) getSucc(index int) int {
+func (n *node) getSucc(index int) *data {
 
 	// Keep moving to the leftmost node starting from children[index+1] until we reach a leaf
 	current := n.children[index+1]
@@ -368,7 +395,7 @@ func (n *Node) getSucc(index int) int {
 }
 
 // fill child children[index] which has less than t-1 keys
-func (n *Node) fill(index int) {
+func (n *node) fill(index int) {
 
 	// If the previous child has more than t-1 keys, borrow a key from that child
 	if index != 0 && n.children[index-1].numberOfKeys >= n.degree {
@@ -393,7 +420,7 @@ func (n *Node) fill(index int) {
 }
 
 // borrowFromPrev takes a key from children[index+1] and insert it in children[index]
-func (n *Node) borrowFromPrev(index int) {
+func (n *node) borrowFromPrev(index int) {
 
 	child := n.children[index]
 	sibling := n.children[index-1]
@@ -426,7 +453,7 @@ func (n *Node) borrowFromPrev(index int) {
 }
 
 // borrowFromNext takes a key from children[index+1] and insert it in children[index]
-func (n *Node) borrowFromNext(index int) {
+func (n *node) borrowFromNext(index int) {
 
 	child := n.children[index]
 	sibling := n.children[index+1]
@@ -460,7 +487,7 @@ func (n *Node) borrowFromNext(index int) {
 }
 
 // merge children[index] with children[index+1]
-func (n *Node) merge(index int) {
+func (n *node) merge(index int) {
 
 	child := n.children[index]
 	sibling := n.children[index+1]

btree/btree_test.go

@@ -7,59 +7,75 @@ import (
 
 func TestTree_Search(t *testing.T) {
 	tree := NewBtree(3)
-	tree.Insert(6)
+	tree.Insert("A", "a")
 
-	k := 6
-	if tree.Search(k) == nil {
-		t.Errorf("Not present %d", k)
+	k := "A"
+	if _, err := tree.Search(k); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Not present %s", k)
 	}
 
-	k = 15
-	if tree.Search(k) != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Present %d", k)
+	k = "bike"
+	if val, err := tree.Search(k); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Present %s with value %s", k, val)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestTree_Remove(t *testing.T) {
 	tree := NewBtree(3)
-	toInsert := []int{10, 20, 5, 6, 12, 30, 7, 17}
-
-	for _, k := range toInsert {
-		tree.Insert(k)
+	toInsert := [][]string{
+		[]string{"Monday", "Lundi"},
+		[]string{"Tuesday", "Mardi"},
+		[]string{"Wednesday", "Mercredi"},
+		[]string{"Thursday", "Jeudi"},
+		[]string{"Friday", "Vendredi"},
+		[]string{"Saturday", "Samedi"},
+		[]string{"Sunday", "Dimanche"},
 	}
 
-	tree.Remove(toInsert[0])
+	for _, k := range toInsert {
+		tree.Insert(k[0], k[1])
+	}
+
+	tree.Remove("Monday")
 	for _, k := range toInsert[1:] {
-		if tree.Search(k) == nil {
-			t.Errorf("Not present %d", k)
+		if _, err := tree.Search(k[0]); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Not present %s", k)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if tree.Search(toInsert[0]) != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Present %d", toInsert[0])
+	if val, err := tree.Search("Monday"); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Present %s with value %s", toInsert[0], val)
 	}
 
 }
 
 func TestTree_Insert(t *testing.T) {
 	tree := NewBtree(3)
-	toInsert := []int{10, 20, 5, 6, 12, 30, 7, 17, 20}
+	toInsert := [][]string{
+		[]string{"Monday", "Lundi"},
+		[]string{"Tuesday", "Mardi"},
+		[]string{"Wednesday", "Mercredi"},
+		[]string{"Thursday", "Jeudi"},
+		[]string{"Friday", "Vendredi"},
+		[]string{"Saturday", "Samedi"},
+		[]string{"Sunday", "Dimanche"},
+	}
 
 	// Test before insertion
 	for _, k := range toInsert {
-		if tree.Search(k) != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Present %d", k)
+		if val, err := tree.Search(k[0]); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Present %s with value %s", k[0], val)
 		}
 	}
 
 	for _, k := range toInsert {
-		tree.Insert(k)
+		tree.Insert(k[0], k[1])
 	}
 
 	// Test after insertion
 	for _, k := range toInsert {
-		if tree.Search(k) == nil {
-			t.Errorf("Not present %d", k)
+		if _, err := tree.Search(k[0]); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Not present %s", k)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -67,43 +83,61 @@ func TestTree_Insert(t *testing.T) {
 func ExampleTree_Traverse() {
 	tree := NewBtree(3)
 
-	toInsert := []int{1, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 16, 19, 24, 25, 26, 21, 4, 5, 20, 22, 2, 17, 12, 6}
+	toInsert := [][]string{
+		[]string{"a", "A"},
+		[]string{"b", "B"},
+		[]string{"c", "C"},
+		[]string{"d", "D"},
+		[]string{"e", "E"},
+		[]string{"f", "F"},
+		[]string{"g", "G"},
+		[]string{"h", "H"},
+		[]string{"i", "I"},
+		[]string{"j", "J"},
+		[]string{"k", "K"},
+		[]string{"l", "L"},
+		[]string{"m", "M"},
+		[]string{"n", "N"},
+		[]string{"o", "O"},
+		[]string{"p", "P"},
+		[]string{"q", "Q"},
+	}
 	for _, k := range toInsert {
-		tree.Insert(k)
+		tree.Insert(k[0], k[1])
 	}
 
 	tree.Traverse()
 	fmt.Println("")
 
-	tree.Remove(6)
+	tree.Remove("e")
 	tree.Traverse()
 	fmt.Println("")
 
-	tree.Remove(13)
+	tree.Remove("j")
 	tree.Traverse()
 	fmt.Println("")
 
-	tree.Remove(7)
+	tree.Remove("a")
 	tree.Traverse()
 	fmt.Println("")
 
-	tree.Remove(4)
+	tree.Remove("b")
 	tree.Traverse()
 	fmt.Println("")
 
-	tree.Remove(2)
+	tree.Remove("d")
 	tree.Traverse()
 	fmt.Println("")
 
-	tree.Remove(16)
+	tree.Remove("f")
 	tree.Traverse()
 
 	// Output:
-	// 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26
-	//  1 2 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26
-	//  1 2 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26
-	//  1 2 3 4 5 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26
-	//  1 2 3 5 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26
-	//  1 3 5 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26
-	//  1 3 5 10 11 12 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26
+	// a:A b:B c:C d:D e:E f:F g:G h:H i:I j:J k:K l:L m:M n:N o:O p:P q:Q
+	//  a:A b:B c:C d:D f:F g:G h:H i:I j:J k:K l:L m:M n:N o:O p:P q:Q
+	//  a:A b:B c:C d:D f:F g:G h:H i:I k:K l:L m:M n:N o:O p:P q:Q
+	//  b:B c:C d:D f:F g:G h:H i:I k:K l:L m:M n:N o:O p:P q:Q
+	//  c:C d:D f:F g:G h:H i:I k:K l:L m:M n:N o:O p:P q:Q
+	//  c:C f:F g:G h:H i:I k:K l:L m:M n:N o:O p:P q:Q
+	//  c:C g:G h:H i:I k:K l:L m:M n:N o:O p:P q:Q
 }

main.go

@@ -7,30 +7,29 @@ import (
 )
 
 func main() {
+
+	// Example program
 	t := btree.NewBtree(3)
-	t.Insert(10)
-	t.Insert(20)
-	t.Insert(5)
-	t.Insert(6)
-	t.Insert(12)
-	t.Insert(30)
-	t.Insert(7)
-	t.Insert(17)
+	t.Insert("animal", "dog")
+	t.Insert("potato", "fries")
+	t.Insert("6", "number")
+	t.Insert("12", "number")
+	t.Insert("car", "ferrari")
+	t.Insert("7", "number")
+	t.Insert("plane", "airbus")
 
 	fmt.Print("Traversal of the constructed tree is")
 	t.Traverse()
 
-	k := 6
-	if t.Search(k) != nil {
-		fmt.Print("\nPresent")
-	} else {
+	if val, err := t.Search("6"); err != nil {
 		fmt.Print("\nNot Present")
+	} else {
+		fmt.Printf("\nPresent: value '%s'", val)
 	}
 
-	k = 15
-	if t.Search(k) != nil {
-		fmt.Print("\nPresent")
-	} else {
+	if val, err := t.Search("15"); err != nil {
 		fmt.Print("\nNot Present")
+	} else {
+		fmt.Printf("\nPresent: value '%s'", val)
 	}
 }