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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/antispam/forms/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Forms
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_3" id="__nav_5_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
club
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
club
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/club/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/club/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_4" id="__nav_5_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
com
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
com
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/com/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/com/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_5" id="__nav_5_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
core
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
core
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/model_fields/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Champs de modèle
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/schemas/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Schemas
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/api_permissions/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Api permissions
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_6" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_6" id="__nav_5_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
counter
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
counter
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/counter/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/counter/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/counter/schemas/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Schemas
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_7" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_7" id="__nav_5_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
eboutic
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
eboutic
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/eboutic/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/eboutic/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_8" id="__nav_5_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
election
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
election
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/election/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/election/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_9" id="__nav_5_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
forum
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
forum
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/forum/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/forum/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_10" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_10" id="__nav_5_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
galaxy
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
galaxy
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/galaxy/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/galaxy/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_11" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_11" id="__nav_5_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
launderette
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
launderette
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/launderette/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/launderette/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_12" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_12" id="__nav_5_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
matmat
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
matmat
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/matmat/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/matmat/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_13" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_13" id="__nav_5_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
pedagogy
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
pedagogy
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/pedagogy/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/pedagogy/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/pedagogy/schemas/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Schemas
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_14" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_14" id="__nav_5_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
rootplace
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
rootplace
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/rootplace/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/rootplace/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_15" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_15" id="__nav_5_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
sas
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
sas
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/sas/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/sas/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/sas/schemas/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Schemas
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_16" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_16" id="__nav_5_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
staticfiles
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
staticfiles
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/staticfiles/apps/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Apps
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/staticfiles/storage/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Storage
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/staticfiles/finders/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Finders
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/staticfiles/processors/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Processors
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_17" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_17" id="__nav_5_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
subscription
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_17_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
subscription
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/subscription/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/subscription/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_18" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_18" id="__nav_5_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
trombi
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_18_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
trombi
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/trombi/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/trombi/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table des matières">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table des matières
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#quest-ce-quune-migration" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Qu'est-ce qu'une migration ?
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#appliquer-les-migrations" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Appliquer les migrations
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#creer-une-migration" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Créer une migration
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#revenir-a-une-migration-anterieure" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Revenir à une migration antérieure
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#customiser-une-migration" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Customiser une migration
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#fusionner-des-migrations" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Fusionner des migrations
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1>Gérer les migrations</h1>
<h2 id="quest-ce-quune-migration">Qu'est-ce qu'une migration ?<a class="headerlink" href="#quest-ce-quune-migration" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Une migration est un fichier Python qui contient
des instructions pour modifier la base de données.
Une base de données évolue au cours du temps,
et les migrations permettent de garder une trace
de ces modifications.</p>
<p>Grâce à elles, on peut également apporter des modifications
à la base de données sans être obligées de la recréer.
On applique seulement les modifications nécessaires.</p>
<h2 id="appliquer-les-migrations">Appliquer les migrations<a class="headerlink" href="#appliquer-les-migrations" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Pour appliquer les migrations, exécutez la commande suivante :</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>python<span class="w"> </span>./manage.py<span class="w"> </span>migrate
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Vous remarquerez peut-être que cette commande
a été utilisée dans la section
<a href="../../tutorial/install/">Installation</a>.
En effet, en partant d'une base de données vierge
et en appliquant toutes les migrations, on arrive
à l'état actuel de la base de données.
Logique.</p>
<p>Si vous utilisez cette commande sur une base de données
sur laquelle toutes les migrations ont été appliquées,
elle ne fera rien.</p>
<p>Si vous utilisez cette commande sur une base de données
sur laquelle seule une partie des migrations ont été appliquées,
seules les migrations manquantes seront appliquées.</p>
<h2 id="creer-une-migration">Créer une migration<a class="headerlink" href="#creer-une-migration" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Pour créer une migration, exécutez la commande suivante :</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>python<span class="w"> </span>./manage.py<span class="w"> </span>makemigrations
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Cette commande comparera automatiquement le contenu
des classes de modèles et le comparera avec les
migrations déjà appliquées.
A partir de cette comparaison, elle générera
automatiquement une nouvelle migration.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>La commande <code>makemigrations</code> ne fait que
générer les fichiers de migration.
Elle ne modifie pas la base de données.
Pour appliquer la migration, n'oubliez pas la
commande <code>migrate</code>.</p>
</div>
<p>Un fichier de migration ressemble à ça : </p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">migrations</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-4"><a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Migration</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Migration</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-5"><a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-6"><a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a> <span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-7"><a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a> <span class="c1"># liste des autres migrations à appliquer avant celle-ci</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-8"><a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-9"><a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a>
</span><span id="__span-2-10"><a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a> <span class="n">operations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-11"><a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a> <span class="c1"># liste des opérations à appliquer sur la db</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-12"><a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Grâce à la liste des dépendances, Django sait dans
quel ordre les migrations doivent être appliquées.
Grâce à la liste des opérations, Django sait quelles
sont les opérations à appliquer durant cette migration.</p>
<h2 id="revenir-a-une-migration-anterieure">Revenir à une migration antérieure<a class="headerlink" href="#revenir-a-une-migration-anterieure" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Lorsque vous développez, il peut arriver que vous vouliez
revenir à une migration antérieure.
Pour cela, il suffit d'appliquer la commande <code>migrate</code>
en spécifiant le nom de la migration à laquelle vous
voulez revenir :</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>python<span class="w"> </span>./manage.py<span class="w"> </span>migrate<span class="w"> </span>&lt;application&gt;<span class="w"> </span>&lt;numéro<span class="w"> </span>de<span class="w"> </span>la<span class="w"> </span>migration&gt;
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Par exemple, si vous voulez revenir à la migration <code>0001_initial</code>
de l'application <code>customer</code>, vous pouvez exécuter la commande suivante :</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>python<span class="w"> </span>./manage.py<span class="w"> </span>migrate<span class="w"> </span>customer<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0001</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="customiser-une-migration">Customiser une migration<a class="headerlink" href="#customiser-une-migration" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Il peut arriver que vous ayez besoin de modifier
le fichier de migration généré par Django.
Par exemple, si vous voulez exécuter un script Python
lors de l'application de la migration.</p>
<p>Dans ce cas, vous pouvez trouver les fichiers de migration
dans le dossier <code>migrations</code> de chaque application.
Vous pouvez modifier le fichier Python correspondant
à la migration que vous voulez modifier.</p>
<p>Ajoutez l'opération que vous voulez effectuer
dans l'attribut <code>operations</code> de la classe <code>Migration</code>.</p>
<p>Par exemple :</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">migrations</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-3"><a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forwards_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">schema_editor</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-4"><a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Appplication de la migration&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-5"><a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-6"><a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">reverse_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">schema_editor</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-7"><a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Annulation de la migration&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-8"><a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-9"><a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Migration</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Migration</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-10"><a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-11"><a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a> <span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-12"><a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a>
</span><span id="__span-5-13"><a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a> <span class="n">operations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-14"><a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RunPython</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forwards_func</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reverse_func</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-5-15"><a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Script d'annulation de la migration</p>
<p>Lorsque vous incluez un script Python dans une migration,
incluez toujours aussi un script d'annulation,
sinon Django ne pourra pas annuler la migration
après son application.</p>
<p>Vous ne pourrez donc pas revenir à un état antérieur
de la db, à moins de la recréer de zéro.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="fusionner-des-migrations">Fusionner des migrations<a class="headerlink" href="#fusionner-des-migrations" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Quand on travaille sur une fonctionnalité
qui nécessite une modification de la base de données,
les fichiers de migration sont comme toute chose :
on peut se rendre compte que les changements
apportés pourraient être meilleurs.</p>
<p>Par exemple, supposons que nous voulons créer un modèle
représentant une UE suivie par un étudiant
(ne demandez pas pourquoi on voudrait faire ça,
c'est juste pour l'exemple).
Un tel modèle aurait besoin des informations suivantes :</p>
<ul>
<li>l'utilisateur</li>
<li>le code de l'UE</li>
</ul>
<p>On écrirait donc, dans l'application <code>pedagogy</code> :
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">models</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">core.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">User</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-6-4"><a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">UserUe</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-5"><a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">on_delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CASCADE</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-6-6"><a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a> <span class="n">ue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div></p>
<p>Et nous aurions le fichier de migration suivant :
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">models</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-2"><a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.conf</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">settings</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-3"><a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-7-4"><a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Migration</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Migration</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-5"><a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a> <span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-6"><a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swappable_dependency</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AUTH_USER_MODEL</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-7"><a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0003_alter_uv_language&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-8"><a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-9"><a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a>
</span><span id="__span-7-10"><a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a> <span class="n">operations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-11"><a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CreateModel</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-12"><a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;UserUe&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-13"><a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a> <span class="n">fields</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-14"><a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a> <span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-15"><a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-16"><a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AutoField</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-17"><a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a> <span class="n">auto_created</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-18"><a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-19"><a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a> <span class="n">serialize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-20"><a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a> <span class="n">verbose_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;ID&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-21"><a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-22"><a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-23"><a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)),</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-24"><a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a> <span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-25"><a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;user&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-26"><a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-27"><a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a> <span class="n">on_delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deletion</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CASCADE</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-28"><a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a> <span class="n">to</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AUTH_USER_MODEL</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-29"><a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-30"><a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-31"><a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a> <span class="p">],</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-32"><a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-7-33"><a id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33" href="#__codelineno-7-33"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span></code></pre></div></p>
<p>On finit son travail, on soumet la PR.
Mais là, quelqu'un fait remarquer qu'il existe déjà
un modèle pour représenter une UE.
On modifie donc le modèle :</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">models</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-2"><a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">core.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">User</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-3"><a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pedagogy.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">UV</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-4"><a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-8-5"><a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">UserUe</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-6"><a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">on_delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CASCADE</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-8-7"><a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a> <span class="n">ue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">UV</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">on_delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CASCADE</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>On refait la commande <code>makemigrations</code> et on obtient :
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-9-1"><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">models</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-2"><a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a>
</span><span id="__span-9-3"><a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-9-4"><a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Migration</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Migration</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-5"><a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a> <span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-6"><a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0004_userue&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-7"><a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-8"><a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a>
</span><span id="__span-9-9"><a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a> <span class="n">operations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-10"><a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AlterField</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-11"><a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a> <span class="n">model_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;userue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-12"><a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;ue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-13"><a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a> <span class="n">field</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-14"><a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a> <span class="n">on_delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deletion</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CASCADE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy.uv&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-15"><a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-16"><a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-9-17"><a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span></code></pre></div></p>
<p>Sauf que maintenant, nous avons deux fichiers de migration,
alors qu'en réalité, on ne souhaite faire qu'une seule migration,
une fois qu'on aura expédié le code en prod.
Certes, ça fonctionnerait d'appliquer les deux, mais ça pose
un problème d'encombrement.</p>
<p>Plus il y a de fichiers de migrations, plus il y a de migrations
à résoudre au moment de l'installation du projet chez quelqu'un,
plus c'est embêtant à gérer et plus Django prendra du temps
à résoudre les migrations.</p>
<p>C'est pourquoi il est bon de respecter le principe :
une PR = un fichier de migration maximum par application.</p>
<p>Nous voulons donc fusionner les deux, pour n'en garder qu'une.
Pour ça, deux manières de procéder :</p>
<ul>
<li>le faire à la main</li>
<li>utiliser la commande squashmigrations</li>
</ul>
<p>Pour la méthode manuelle, on ne pourrait pas vous dire exhaustivement
comment faire.
Mais ne vous inquiétez pas, ce n'est pas très dur.
Regardez bien quelles sont les instructions utilisées par django
pour les opérations de migrations,
et avec un peu d'astuce et quelques copier-coller,
vous vous en sortirez comme des chefs.</p>
<p>Pour la méthode <code>squashmigrations</code>, exécutez la commande </p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-10-1"><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a>python<span class="w"> </span>./manage.py<span class="w"> </span>squasmigrations<span class="w"> </span>&lt;app&gt;<span class="w"> </span>&lt;migration<span class="w"> </span>de<span class="w"> </span>début<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">(</span>incluse<span class="o">)</span>&gt;<span class="w"> </span>&lt;migration<span class="w"> </span>de<span class="w"> </span>fin<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">(</span>incluse<span class="o">)</span>&gt;<span class="w"> </span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Par exemple, dans notre cas, ça donnera :</p>
<div class="language-bash highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-11-1"><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a>python<span class="w"> </span>./manage.py<span class="w"> </span>squasmigrations<span class="w"> </span>pedagogy<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0004</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0005</span><span class="w"> </span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>La commande vous donnera ceci :
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-12-1"><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.conf</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">settings</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-2"><a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">models</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-3"><a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-12-4"><a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Migration</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Migration</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-5"><a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a> <span class="n">replaces</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0004_userue&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0005_alter_userue_ue&quot;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-6"><a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a>
</span><span id="__span-12-7"><a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a> <span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-8"><a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0003_alter_uv_language&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-9"><a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swappable_dependency</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AUTH_USER_MODEL</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-10"><a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-11"><a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a>
</span><span id="__span-12-12"><a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a> <span class="n">operations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-13"><a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a> <span class="n">migrations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CreateModel</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-14"><a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;UserUe&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-15"><a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a> <span class="n">fields</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-16"><a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a> <span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-17"><a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-18"><a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AutoField</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-19"><a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a> <span class="n">auto_created</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-20"><a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a> <span class="n">primary_key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-21"><a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a> <span class="n">serialize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-22"><a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a> <span class="n">verbose_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;ID&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-23"><a id="__codelineno-12-23" name="__codelineno-12-23" href="#__codelineno-12-23"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-24"><a id="__codelineno-12-24" name="__codelineno-12-24" href="#__codelineno-12-24"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-25"><a id="__codelineno-12-25" name="__codelineno-12-25" href="#__codelineno-12-25"></a> <span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-26"><a id="__codelineno-12-26" name="__codelineno-12-26" href="#__codelineno-12-26"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;ue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-27"><a id="__codelineno-12-27" name="__codelineno-12-27" href="#__codelineno-12-27"></a> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-28"><a id="__codelineno-12-28" name="__codelineno-12-28" href="#__codelineno-12-28"></a> <span class="n">on_delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deletion</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CASCADE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy.uv&quot;</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-29"><a id="__codelineno-12-29" name="__codelineno-12-29" href="#__codelineno-12-29"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-30"><a id="__codelineno-12-30" name="__codelineno-12-30" href="#__codelineno-12-30"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-31"><a id="__codelineno-12-31" name="__codelineno-12-31" href="#__codelineno-12-31"></a> <span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-32"><a id="__codelineno-12-32" name="__codelineno-12-32" href="#__codelineno-12-32"></a> <span class="s2">&quot;user&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-33"><a id="__codelineno-12-33" name="__codelineno-12-33" href="#__codelineno-12-33"></a> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-34"><a id="__codelineno-12-34" name="__codelineno-12-34" href="#__codelineno-12-34"></a> <span class="n">on_delete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deletion</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CASCADE</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-35"><a id="__codelineno-12-35" name="__codelineno-12-35" href="#__codelineno-12-35"></a> <span class="n">to</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AUTH_USER_MODEL</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-36"><a id="__codelineno-12-36" name="__codelineno-12-36" href="#__codelineno-12-36"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-37"><a id="__codelineno-12-37" name="__codelineno-12-37" href="#__codelineno-12-37"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-38"><a id="__codelineno-12-38" name="__codelineno-12-38" href="#__codelineno-12-38"></a> <span class="p">],</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-39"><a id="__codelineno-12-39" name="__codelineno-12-39" href="#__codelineno-12-39"></a> <span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-12-40"><a id="__codelineno-12-40" name="__codelineno-12-40" href="#__codelineno-12-40"></a> <span class="p">]</span>
</span></code></pre></div></p>
<p>Vous pouvez alors supprimer les deux autres fichiers.</p>
<p>Vous remarquerez peut-être la présence de la ligne suivante :
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-13-1"><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="n">replaces</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0004_userue&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pedagogy&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0005_alter_userue_ue&quot;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
</span></code></pre></div></p>
<p>Cela sert à dire que cette migration doit être appliquée
à la place des deux autres.
Une fois que vous aurez supprimé les deux fichiers,
supprimez également cette ligne.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Django sait quelles migrations ont été appliquées,
en les stockant dans une table de la db.
Si une migration est enregistrée en db, sans que le fichier
de migration correspondant existe,
la commande <code>migrate</code> échoue.</p>
<p>Quand vous faites un <code>squashmigrations</code>,
pensez donc à appliquer la commande <code>migrate</code>
juste après (mais avant la suppression des anciens fichiers),
pour que Django supprime de la base de données
les migrations devenues inutiles.</p>
</div>
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