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Site AE UTBM
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Gestion des permissions
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Explications
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Explications
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Installer le projet (avancé)
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Configurer son éditeur
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Structure du projet
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Gestion des permissions
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Gestion des permissions
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Les permissions
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Protéger un modèle
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<a href="#appliquer-les-permissions" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Appliquer les permissions
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<a href="#api" class="md-nav__link">
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API
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</ul>
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</li>
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<a href="../groups/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Gestion des groupes
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</li>
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Etransactions
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How-to
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<a href="../../howto/querysets/" class="md-nav__link">
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L'ORM de Django
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Gérer les migrations
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Gérer les traductions
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Gérer les statics
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Configurer pour la production
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Ajouter un logo de promo
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Ajouter une cotisation
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Modifier le weekmail
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Terminal
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Direnv
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Reference
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accounting
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
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accounting
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Models
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Views
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antispam
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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antispam
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Models
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Forms
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_3" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_3" id="__nav_5_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
club
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
club
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/club/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/club/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_4" id="__nav_5_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
com
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
com
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/com/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/com/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_5" id="__nav_5_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
core
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
core
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/model_fields/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Champs de modèle
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/schemas/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Schemas
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/core/api_permissions/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Api permissions
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_6" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_6" id="__nav_5_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
counter
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
counter
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/counter/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/counter/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/counter/schemas/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Schemas
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_7" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_7" id="__nav_5_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
eboutic
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
eboutic
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/eboutic/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/eboutic/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_8" id="__nav_5_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
election
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
election
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/election/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/election/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_9" id="__nav_5_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
forum
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
forum
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/forum/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/forum/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_10" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_10" id="__nav_5_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
galaxy
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
galaxy
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/galaxy/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/galaxy/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_11" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_11" id="__nav_5_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
launderette
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
launderette
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/launderette/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/launderette/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_12" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_12" id="__nav_5_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
matmat
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
matmat
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/matmat/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/matmat/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_13" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_13" id="__nav_5_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
pedagogy
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
pedagogy
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/pedagogy/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/pedagogy/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/pedagogy/schemas/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Schemas
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_14" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_14" id="__nav_5_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
rootplace
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
rootplace
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/rootplace/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/rootplace/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_15" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_15" id="__nav_5_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
sas
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
sas
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/sas/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/sas/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/sas/schemas/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Schemas
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_16" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_16" id="__nav_5_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
staticfiles
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
staticfiles
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/staticfiles/apps/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Apps
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/staticfiles/storage/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Storage
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/staticfiles/finders/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Finders
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/staticfiles/processors/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Processors
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_17" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_17" id="__nav_5_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
subscription
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_17_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
subscription
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/subscription/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/subscription/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5_18" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5_18" id="__nav_5_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
trombi
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_18_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
trombi
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/trombi/models/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Models
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../reference/trombi/views/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Views
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table des matières">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table des matières
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#les-permissions" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Les permissions
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Les permissions">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#proteger-un-modele" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Protéger un modèle
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#appliquer-les-permissions" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Appliquer les permissions
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#api" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
API
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1>Gestion des permissions</h1>
<h2 id="les-permissions">Les permissions<a class="headerlink" href="#les-permissions" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Le fonctionnement de l'AE ne permet pas d'utiliser le système de permissions
intégré à Django tel quel. Lors de la conception du Sith, ce qui paraissait le
plus simple à l'époque était de concevoir un système maison afin de se calquer
sur ce que faisais l'ancien site.</p>
<h3 id="proteger-un-modele">Protéger un modèle<a class="headerlink" href="#proteger-un-modele" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>La gestion des permissions se fait directement par modèle.
Il existe trois niveaux de permission :</p>
<ul>
<li>Éditer des propriétés de l'objet</li>
<li>Éditer certaines valeurs l'objet</li>
<li>Voir l'objet</li>
</ul>
<p>Chacune de ces permissions est vérifiée par une méthode
dédiée de la classe <a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/models/#core.models.User">User</a> :</p>
<ul>
<li>Editer les propriéts : <a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/models/#core.models.User.is_owner">User.is_owner(obj)</a></li>
<li>Editer les valeurs : <a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/models/#core.models.User.can_edit">User.can_edit(obj)</a></li>
<li>Voir : <a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/models/#core.models.User.can_view">User.can_view(obj)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Ces méthodes vont alors résoudre les permissions
dans cet ordre :</p>
<ol>
<li>Si l'objet possède une méthode <code>can_be_viewed_by(user)</code>
(ou <code>can_be_edited_by(user)</code>, ou <code>is_owned_by(user)</code>)
et que son appel renvoie <code>True</code>, l'utilisateur a la permission requise.</li>
<li>Sinon, si le modèle de l'objet possède un attribut <code>view_groups</code>
(ou <code>edit_groups</code>, ou <code>owner_group</code>) et que l'utilisateur
est dans l'un des groupes indiqués, il a la permission requise.</li>
<li>Sinon, on regarde si l'utilisateur a la permission de niveau supérieur
(les droits <code>owner</code> impliquent les droits d'édition, et les droits
d'édition impliquent les droits de vue).</li>
<li>Si aucune des étapes si dessus ne permet d'établir que l'utilisateur
n'a la permission requise, c'est qu'il ne l'a pas.</li>
</ol>
<p>Voici un exemple d'implémentation de ce système :</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Avec les méthodes</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">Avec les groupes de permission</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">models</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.utils.translation</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">gettext_lazy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">_</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">core.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Group</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-6"><a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="c1"># Utilisation de la protection par fonctions</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-7"><a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Article</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-8"><a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-9"><a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> <span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-10"><a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TextField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;content&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-11"><a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-12"><a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> <span class="c1"># Donne ou non les droits d&#39;édition des propriétés de l&#39;objet</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-13"><a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> <span class="c1"># Un utilisateur dans le bureau AE aura tous les droits sur cet objet</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-14"><a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">is_owned_by</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-15"><a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_board_member</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-16"><a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-17"><a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a> <span class="c1"># Donne ou non les droits d&#39;édition de l&#39;objet</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-18"><a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a> <span class="c1"># L&#39;objet ne sera modifiable que par un utilisateur cotisant</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-19"><a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">can_be_edited_by</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-20"><a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_subscribed</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-21"><a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a>
</span><span id="__span-0-22"><a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a> <span class="c1"># Donne ou non les droits de vue de l&#39;objet</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-23"><a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a> <span class="c1"># Ici, l&#39;objet n&#39;est visible que par un utilisateur connecté</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-24"><a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">can_be_viewed_by</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-0-25"><a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_anonymous</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">models</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.conf</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">settings</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-3"><a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.utils.translation</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">gettext_lazy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">_</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-4"><a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-1-5"><a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">core.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Group</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-6"><a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a>
</span><span id="__span-1-7"><a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Article</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-8"><a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a> <span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-9"><a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a> <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TextField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;content&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-10"><a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a>
</span><span id="__span-1-11"><a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a> <span class="c1"># relation one-to-many</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-12"><a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a> <span class="c1"># Groupe possédant l&#39;objet</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-13"><a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a> <span class="c1"># Donne les droits d&#39;édition des propriétés de l&#39;objet</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-14"><a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a> <span class="n">owner_group</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ForeignKey</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-15"><a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a> <span class="n">Group</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">related_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;owned_articles&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SITH_GROUP_ROOT_ID</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-16"><a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a> <span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-17"><a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a>
</span><span id="__span-1-18"><a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a> <span class="c1"># relation many-to-many</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-19"><a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a> <span class="c1"># Tous les groupes qui seront ajouté dans ce champ auront les droits d&#39;édition de l&#39;objet</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-20"><a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a> <span class="n">edit_groups</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ManyToManyField</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-21"><a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a> <span class="n">Group</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-22"><a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a> <span class="n">related_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;editable_articles&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-23"><a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a> <span class="n">verbose_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;edit groups&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-24"><a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a> <span class="n">blank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-25"><a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a> <span class="p">)</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-26"><a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a>
</span><span id="__span-1-27"><a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a> <span class="c1"># relation many-to-many</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-28"><a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a> <span class="c1"># Tous les groupes qui seront ajouté dans ce champ auront les droits de vue de l&#39;objet</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-29"><a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a> <span class="n">view_groups</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ManyToManyField</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-30"><a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a> <span class="n">Group</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-31"><a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a> <span class="n">related_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;viewable_articles&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-32"><a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a> <span class="n">verbose_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;view groups&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-33"><a id="__codelineno-1-33" name="__codelineno-1-33" href="#__codelineno-1-33"></a> <span class="n">blank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span id="__span-1-34"><a id="__codelineno-1-34" name="__codelineno-1-34" href="#__codelineno-1-34"></a> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="appliquer-les-permissions">Appliquer les permissions<a class="headerlink" href="#appliquer-les-permissions" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<h4 id="dans-un-template">Dans un template<a class="headerlink" href="#dans-un-template" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>Il existe trois fonctions de base sur lesquelles
reposent les vérifications de permission.
Elles sont disponibles dans le contexte par défaut du
moteur de template et peuvent être utilisées à tout moment.</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.can_edit_prop">can_edit_prop(obj, user)</a> : équivalent de <code>obj.is_owned_by(user)</code></li>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.can_edit">can_edit(obj, user)</a> : équivalent de <code>obj.can_be_edited_by(user)</code></li>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.can_view">can_view(obj, user)</a> : équivalent de <code>obj.can_be_viewed_by(user)</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Voici un exemple d'utilisation dans un template :</p>
<div class="language-jinja highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="c">{# ... #}</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="cp">{%</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nv">can_edit</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nv">club</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">user</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="cp">%}</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="x"> &lt;a href=&quot;</span><span class="cp">{{</span> <span class="nv">url</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;club:tools&#39;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">club_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">club.id</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x">&quot;&gt;</span><span class="cp">{{</span> <span class="nv">club</span> <span class="cp">}}</span><span class="x">&lt;/a&gt;</span>
</span><span id="__span-2-4"><a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="cp">{%</span> <span class="k">endif</span> <span class="cp">%}</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<h4 id="dans-une-vue">Dans une vue<a class="headerlink" href="#dans-une-vue" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>Généralement, les vérifications de droits dans les templates
se limitent aux urls à afficher puisqu'il
ne faut normalement pas mettre de logique autre que d'affichage à l'intérieur
(en réalité, c'est un principe qu'on a beaucoup violé, mais promis on le fera plus).
C'est donc habituellement au niveau des vues que cela a lieu.</p>
<p>Notre système s'appuie sur un système de mixin
à hériter lors de la création d'une vue basée sur une classe.
Ces mixins ne sont compatibles qu'avec les classes récupérant
un objet ou une liste d'objet.
Dans le cas d'un seul objet,
une permission refusée est levée lorsque l'utilisateur
n'a pas le droit de visionner la page.
Dans le cas d'une liste d'objet,
le mixin filtre les objets non autorisés et si aucun ne l'est,
l'utilisateur recevra une liste vide d'objet.</p>
<p>Voici un exemple d'utilisation en reprenant l'objet Article crée précédemment :</p>
<div class="language-python highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.views.generic</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">CreateView</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ListView</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">core.views</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">CanViewMixin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CanCreateMixin</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">com.models</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">WeekmailArticle</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-6"><a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-7"><a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="c1"># Il est important de mettre le mixin avant la classe héritée de Django</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-8"><a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="c1"># L&#39;héritage multiple se fait de droite à gauche et les mixins ont besoin</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-9"><a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="c1"># d&#39;une classe de base pour fonctionner correctement.</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-10"><a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ArticlesListView</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CanViewMixin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ListView</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-11"><a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a> <span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">WeekmailArticle</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-12"><a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-13"><a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a>
</span><span id="__span-3-14"><a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="c1"># Même chose pour une vue de création de l&#39;objet Article</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-15"><a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ArticlesCreateView</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CanCreateMixin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CreateView</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span><span id="__span-3-16"><a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a> <span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">WeekmailArticle</span>
</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Les mixins suivants sont implémentés :</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.CanCreateMixin">CanCreateMixin</a> : l'utilisateur peut-il créer l'objet ?</li>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.CanEditPropMixin">CanEditPropMixin</a> : l'utilisateur peut-il éditer les propriétés de l'objet ?</li>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.CanEditMixin">CanEditMixin</a> : L'utilisateur peut-il éditer l'objet ?</li>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.CanViewMixin">CanViewMixin</a> : L'utilisateur peut-il voir l'objet ?</li>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.UserIsRootMixin">UserIsRootMixin</a> : L'utilisateur a-t-il les droit root ?</li>
<li><a class="autorefs autorefs-internal" href="../../reference/core/views/#core.views.FormerSubscriberMixin">FormerSubscriberMixin</a> : L'utilisateur a-t-il déjà été cotisant ?</li>
<li>[UserIsLoggedMixin][core.views.UserIsLoggedMixin] : L'utilisateur est-il connecté ?
(à éviter ; préférez <code>LoginRequiredMixin</code>, fourni par Django)</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition danger">
<p class="admonition-title">Performance</p>
<p>Ce système maison de permissions fonctionne et répond aux attentes de l'époque de sa conception.<br />
Mais d'un point de vue performance, il est souvent plus que problématique.
En effet, toutes les permissions sont dynamiquement calculées et
nécessitent plusieurs appels en base de données qui ne se résument pas à
une « simple » jointure mais à plusieurs requêtes différentes et
difficiles à optimiser. De plus, à chaque calcul de permission, il est
nécessaire de recommencer tous les calculs depuis le début.<br />
La solution à ça est de mettre du cache de session sur les tests effectués
récemment, mais cela engendre son autre lot de problèmes.</p>
<p>Sur une vue où on manipule un seul objet, passe encore.
Mais sur les <code>ListView</code>, on peut arriver à des temps
de réponse extrêmement élevés.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="api">API<a class="headerlink" href="#api" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>L'API utilise son propre système de permissions.
Ce n'est pas encore un autre système en parallèle, mais un wrapper
autour de notre système de permissions, afin de l'adapter aux besoins
de l'API.</p>
<p>En effet, l'interface attendue pour manipuler le plus aisément
possible les permissions des routes d'API avec la librairie que nous
utilisons est différente de notre système, tout en restant adaptable.
(Pour plus de détail,
<a href="https://eadwincode.github.io/django-ninja-extra/api_controller/api_controller_permission/">voir la doc de la lib</a>).</p>
<p>Si vous avez bien suivi ce qui a été dit plus haut,
vous ne devriez pas être perdu, étant donné
que le système de permissions de l'API utilise
des noms assez similaires : <code>IsInGroup</code>, <code>IsRoot</code>, <code>IsSubscriber</code>...
Vous pouvez trouver des exemples d'utilisation de ce système
dans <a href="../../reference/core/api_permissions/">cette partie</a>.</p>
</article>
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